Sunlight can be turned into electricity in two ways: by using PhotoVoltaic(PV) cells that directly convert light into electric current, or by using tracking systems that concentrate a large amount of sunlight into a small beam. This is called the photoelectric effect.

Off-grid means not being connected to a main or national electrical grid. Off-grid electricity is often used in remote areas or countries where electricity is not widely available. Off-grid systems can be stand-alone systems (SHS) that power a single home, or mini-grids that power a small community.